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<title>Video processing</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Video processing</span></span>

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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>In <a href="Electronics_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronics engineering">electronics engineering</a>, <b>video processing</b> is a particular case of <a href="Signal_processing" title="Signal processing">signal processing</a>, in particular <a href="Image_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Image processing">image processing</a>, which often employs <a href="Filter_(video)" title="Filter (video)">video filters</a> and where the input and output <a href="Signal_(electrical_engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal (electrical engineering)">signals</a> are <a href="Video_file_format" title="Video file format">video files</a> or <a href="Video_stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Video stream">video streams</a>. Video processing techniques are used in <a href="Television_set" title="Television set">television sets</a>, <a href="VCR" class="mw-redirect" title="VCR">VCRs</a>, <a href="DVD" title="DVD">DVDs</a>, <a href="Video_codecs" class="mw-redirect" title="Video codecs">video codecs</a>, <a href="Video_player_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Video player (software)">video players</a>, <a href="Video_scaler" title="Video scaler">video scalers</a> and other devices. For example—commonly only <a href="Design" title="Design">design</a> and video processing is different in TV sets of different manufactures.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Video_processor">Video processor</h2></div>

<p>Video processors are often combined with <a href="Video_scaler" title="Video scaler">video scalers</a> to create a video processor that <a href="Improved-definition_television" title="Improved-definition television">improves the apparent definition</a> of video signals. They perform the following tasks:

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<ul><li><a href="Deinterlacing" title="Deinterlacing">deinterlacing</a></li>

<li><a href="Aspect_ratio_(image)" title="Aspect ratio (image)">aspect ratio</a> control</li>

<li><a href="Digital_zoom" title="Digital zoom">digital zoom</a> and <a href="Panning_(camera)" title="Panning (camera)">pan</a></li>

<li><a href="Brightness" title="Brightness">brightness</a>/<a href="Contrast_(vision)" title="Contrast (vision)">contrast</a>/<a href="Hue" title="Hue">hue</a>/<a href="Saturation_(color_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturation (color theory)">saturation</a>/<a href="Sharpness_(visual)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharpness (visual)">sharpness</a>/<a href="Gamma_correction" title="Gamma correction">gamma</a> adjustments</li>

<li><a href="Frame_rate" title="Frame rate">frame rate</a> conversion and <a href="IVTC" class="mw-redirect" title="IVTC">inverse-telecine</a></li>

<li>color point conversion (601 to 709 or 709 to 601)</li>

<li><a href="Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a> conversion (<a href="YPbPr" title="YPbPr">YP<sub>B</sub>P<sub>R</sub></a>/<a href="YCbCr" title="YCbCr">YC<sub>B</sub>C<sub>R</sub></a> to <a href="RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB</a> or RGB to YP<sub>B</sub>P<sub>R</sub>/YC<sub>B</sub>C<sub>R</sub>)</li>

<li><a href="Compression_artifact#Video" title="Compression artifact">mosquito noise</a> reduction</li>

<li><a href="Compression_artifact" title="Compression artifact">block noise</a> reduction</li>

<li>detail enhancement</li>

<li><a href="Edge_enhancement" title="Edge enhancement">edge enhancement</a></li>

<li><a href="Motion_compensation" title="Motion compensation">motion compensation</a></li>

<li>primary and secondary color calibration (including hue/saturation/luminance controls independently for each)</li></ul>

<p>These can either be in chip form, or as a stand-alone unit to be placed between a source device (like a DVD player or set-top-box) and a display with less-capable processing. The most widely recognized video processor companies in the market are:

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<ul><li>Genesis Microchip (with the FLI chipset – was Genesis Microchip, STMicroelectronics completes acquisition of Genesis Microchip on January 25, 2008)</li>

<li>Sigma Designs (with the VXP chipset – was Gennum, Sigma Designs purchased the Image Processing group from Gennum on February 8, 2008, Sigma Designs is now part of Silicon Labs)</li>

<li>Integrated Device Technology (with the HQV chipset and Teranex system products – was Silicon Optix, IDT purchased SO on October 21, 2008, IDT is now part of Renesas)</li>

<li><a href="Silicon_Image" title="Silicon Image">Silicon Image</a> (with the VRS chipset and DVDO system products - was Anchor Bay Technologies, Silicon Image purchased ABT on February 10, 2011)</li></ul>

<p>All of these companies' chips are in devices ranging from DVD upconverting players (for Standard Definition) to <a href="HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a>/<a href="Blu-ray_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Blu-ray Disc">Blu-ray Disc</a> players and set-top boxes, to displays like plasmas, <a href="Digital_Light_Processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Light Processing">DLP</a> (both front and rear projection), <a href="Liquid_crystal_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid crystal display">LCD</a> (both <a href="Liquid_crystal_display_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid crystal display television">flat-panels</a> and <a href="LCD_projector" title="LCD projector">projectors</a>), and <a href="LCOS" class="mw-redirect" title="LCOS">LCOS</a>/"<a href="SXRD" class="mw-redirect" title="SXRD">SXRD</a>". Their chips are also becoming more available in stand alone devices (see "External links" below for links to a few of these).

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<ul><li>Bovik, Al (ed.). <i>Handbook of Image and Video Processing</i>. San Diego: Academic Press, 2000. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

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</style><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-12-119790-5</bdi>.</li>

<li><a href="Yao_Wang" title="Yao Wang">Wang, Yao</a>, Jörn Ostermann, and Ya-Qin Zhang. <i>Video Processing and Communications</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siliconmentor.blogspot.in/2014/09/signal-processing-as-name-suggests.html">Signal Processing</a> Series. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2002. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-13-017547-1</bdi>.</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Video_processing79" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="Video_post-processing" title="Video post-processing">Post-processing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Deblocking_filter" title="Deblocking filter">Deblocking</a></li>

<li><a href="Image_scaling" title="Image scaling">Resizing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_gallery_of_image_scaling_algorithms" title="Comparison gallery of image scaling algorithms">Comparison</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Deinterlacing" title="Deinterlacing">Deinterlacing</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_denoising" title="Video denoising">Denoising</a></li>

<li><a href="Deflicking" title="Deflicking">Deflicking</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Special processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Film_colorization" title="Film colorization">Film colorization</a> (<a href="Film_tinting" title="Film tinting">tinting</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Color_grading" title="Color grading">Color grading</a></li>

<li><a href="Super-resolution_imaging" title="Super-resolution imaging">Super-resolution imaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_matting" title="Video matting">Video matting</a></li>

<li><a href="Uncompressed_video" title="Uncompressed video">Uncompressed</a></li>

<li><a href="Pixel-art_scaling_algorithms" title="Pixel-art scaling algorithms">Pixel art scaling</a></li>

<li><a href="Telecine" title="Telecine">Telecine</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Broadcast_video_formats33" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Broadcast_video_formats33" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Video" title="Video">Broadcast video formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Television33" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Television</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Analog_television" title="Analog television">Analog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="405-line_television_system" title="405-line television system">405 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CCIR_System_A" title="CCIR System A">System A</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="525_lines" title="525 lines">525 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CCIR_System_M" title="CCIR System M">System M</a> (Color systems: <a href="NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>, <a href="NTSC-J" title="NTSC-J">NTSC-J</a>, <a href="Clear-Vision" title="Clear-Vision">Clear-Vision</a>, <a href="PAL-M" title="PAL-M">PAL-M</a>)</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="625_lines" title="625 lines">625 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CCIR_System_B" title="CCIR System B">System B</a>, <a href="CCIR_System_C" title="CCIR System C">C</a>, <a href="CCIR_System_D" title="CCIR System D">D</a>, <a href="CCIR_System_G" title="CCIR System G">G</a>, <a href="CCIR_System_H" title="CCIR System H">H</a>, <a href="CCIR_System_I" title="CCIR System I">I</a>, <a href="CCIR_System_K" title="CCIR System K">K</a>, <a href="CCIR_System_L" title="CCIR System L">L</a>, <a href="CCIR_System_N" title="CCIR System N">N</a> (Color systems: <a href="PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>, <a href="PAL#PAL-N" title="PAL">PAL-N</a>, <a href="PALplus" title="PALplus">PALplus</a>, <a href="SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a>)</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="819_line" title="819 line">819 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CCIR_System_E" title="CCIR System E">System E</a>, <a href="CCIR_System_F" title="CCIR System F">F</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1125 lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1250 lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="Audio_signal" title="Audio signal">Audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="NICAM" title="NICAM">NICAM</a></li>

<li><a href="Sound-in-Syncs" title="Sound-in-Syncs">Sound-in-Syncs</a></li>

<li><a href="Zweikanalton" title="Zweikanalton">Zweikanalton (A2/IGR)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Hidden signals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">Captioning</a></li>

<li><a href="Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Mechanical_television" title="Mechanical television">Mechanical television</a></li>

<li><a href="Field-sequential_color_system" title="Field-sequential color system">Field-sequential color system</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Digital_television" title="Digital television">Digital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="Interlaced_video" title="Interlaced video">Interlaced</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="Progressive_scan" title="Progressive scan">Progressive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">UHDTV</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">MPEG-2 Video</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS+</a><sup id="cite_ref-avs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">MPEG-4 Visual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a><sup id="cite_ref-mobaho_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mobaho-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">MPEG-4 AVC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD</a></li>

<li><a href="MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a><sup id="cite_ref-mobaho_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mobaho-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2</a><sup id="cite_ref-avs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">MPEG-H HEVC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">Audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Audio Layer II</a></li>

<li><a href="MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">MPEG Multichannel</a></li>

<li><a href="MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li></ul>

<li><a href="Broadcast_flag" title="Broadcast flag">Broadcast flag</a></li>

<li><a href="Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">Captioning</a></li>

<li><a href="Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div><div class="reflist">

<li id="cite_note-avs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-avs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Also used in China's DVB-S/S2 network.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-mobaho-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mobaho_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mobaho_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Defunct.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Technical_issues33" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Technical issues</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="14%3A9_aspect_ratio" title="14:9 aspect ratio">14:9 compromise</a></li>

<li><a href="Broadcast-safe" title="Broadcast-safe">Broadcast-safe</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_cinema" title="Digital cinema">Digital cinema</a> (<a href="Digital_Cinema_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Cinema Initiative">DCI</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Display_motion_blur" title="Display motion blur">Display motion blur</a></li>

<li><a href="MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG transport stream</a></li>

<li><a href="Reverse_Standards_Conversion" title="Reverse Standards Conversion">Reverse Standards Conversion</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_standards_conversion" title="Television standards conversion">Standards conversion</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_transmitter" title="Television transmitter">Television transmitter</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">Video on demand</a></li>

<li><a href="Widescreen_signaling" title="Widescreen signaling">Widescreen signaling</a></li>

<li>Templates (Analogue TV Topics)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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